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Sports hall: an important social function

Community sports halls are a somewhat marginalised building type, even though they provide programmes central to local communities and have a specific, rather noble social function. They belong to buildings with largest interiors fit for public gatherings such as fairs, concerts, and, of course, sporting events. They often make part of school building complexes and become functional and symbolic centres of small communities with limited public architecture. Designing a sports hall is therefore an important urban challenge, as it has to resolve the basic contrast between a simple hall and an important public building.

©Bosnić+Dorotić

©Bosnić+Dorotić

©Bosnić+Dorotić

©Bosnić+Dorotić

©Bosnić+Dorotić

Zlatar Bistrica is a small town located in one of the few plains of otherwise hilly Hrvatsko Zagorje in northwest Croatia, a town with but a few distinct urban features, such as the school, church, and community health centre scattered along the two main roads, Vladimir Nazor and Zagorska. Withdrawn further away from the main roads, the school and the church do not define the street view leaving it mainly rural. The school complex is in symbiosis with its rural environment; its neat, relatively neutral modern architecture defines the access square on two sides, while the remaining two sides border with a typical rural property with outbuildings. This arrangement fits nicely with the school yard, which is used to grow plants and teach children about nature and agriculture.

©Bosnić+Dorotić

©Bosnić+Dorotić

©Bosnić+Dorotić

©Bosnić+Dorotić

©Bosnić+Dorotić

Micro-urban response to land configuration

The western perimeter of the school square used to border with a sports hall that had been destroyed by fire, and the new hall project inherited its former orientation as an important parameter to be integrated with the building's new external and internal configuration. The hall has been placed on a lot sloping toward the west and configured to respond to the given urban and topographic determinants.

©Bosnić+Dorotić

©Bosnić+Dorotić

©Bosnić+Dorotić

©Bosnić+Dorotić

©Bosnić+Dorotić

The perimeter around the hall is designed to establish connection between the school square and the lower plateau with open court and school parking lot for the school bus and vehicles bringing children from neighbouring villages. From there runs the main pedestrian access configured as a system of a stairway and a ramp. The interior reflects this sloping exterior pedestrian configuration.

©D. krznaric

©Bosnić+Dorotić

©Bosnić+Dorotić

©Bosnić+Dorotić

©Bosnić+Dorotić

The façade that opens to the school square with glazed ground level and entrance allows the public square space to enter the interior and then cascade down the grandstand staircase to the lower sporting level, which is why the square has a clear view of what happens in the hall and vice versa. The square and the hall interior complement each other and exchange views in an almost seamless and direct shift between what goes on in the hall and outside. The outer layer of the hall is made of translucent polycarbonate, which at night turns the entire volume of the building into a lantern illuminating the school square and the surrounding area.

©NOP Studio

©NOP Studio

©NOP Studio

Deconstruction of the conventional volume

Much attention has been given to incorporating customised prefab elements that have only recently been introduced to construction and tried out in Croatia. Instead of using generic prefab panels, the author has worked with the Beton Lučko company specialised for concrete prefabs to develop a unique type of panels with the outer and inner layer made of pigmented black concrete and thermal isolation in between.

Prefab elements production

Prefab elements production

Prefab elements production

Prefab elements production

Prefab elements production

Prefab elements production

The panels are mounted on a steel structure fixed to prefabricated concrete pillars, and their lower, gaping end is closed with polycarbonate. The lowest row of panels gapes at the greatest angle from the vertical, which gradually diminishes with each new row going upwards. Such a configuration provides enough diffuse light to the interior, prevents glare, and provides better protection from the western sun and heat in the warm season. The exterior, in turn, has a dynamic, rhythmical texture thanks to the slanted panels.

Prefab assembly

Prefab assembly

Prefab assembly

Prefab assembly

Prefab assembly

These panels are made of a dolomitic aggregate diabase of an original green hue mixed with a black pigment added in production, which is why the smooth "black" concrete is never entirely black. Additional hues and even colours are obtained with different slanting of the panel rows as they reflect the colour of the sky differently. On an average overcast noon these hues and colours span from lead grey to matte dark green, while on a clear sunset the colours can even become warm. At night, the western façade is distinguished by horizontal stripes of light emitting from the interior on the pavement running along the sports court.

Prefab assembly

Prefab assembly

Prefab assembly

Prefab assembly

Prefab assembly

Panels on the gable walls are not as polished as the west façade and yield a greenish texture of the aggregate diabase bearing reference to greenstone slates from the nearby Medvednica mountain, which used to be a popular local construction material, now completely exhausted. The matte colour palette is completed with black iron plates and sheets of which fences and screening window panels are made.

Load bearing timber structure

Load bearing timber structure

Load bearing timber structure

Load bearing timber structure

Interior as a well-coordinated system

Load-bearing verticals and horizontal beams are made of concrete prefabs, also in black. They carry the grid-like structure of the roof made of laminated wood supports, whose light material contrasts the heavy concrete skeleton. Along the western roof area extend light domes that provide additional natural lighting.

Polycarbonate facade elements

Polycarbonate facade elements

Polycarbonate facade elements

Grandstands in Zlatar Bistrica is a fixed, wood-panelled cascade descending from the square and entrance on one side to the sports courts on the other.

SITE PLAN ©NOP Studio

GROUND FLOOR ©NOP Studio

UPPER LEVEL ©NOP Studio

SECTION A AND NORTH ELEVATION ©NOP Studio

SECTION B AND WEST ELEVATION ©NOP Studio

Secondary facilities such as changing rooms, toilets, and corridors all share colour yellow that sparks the energy of sporting events.

SOUTH AND EAST ELEVATION ©NOP Studio

SITE PLAN DIAGRAM ©NOP Studio

PREFAB BUILDING PHASES DIAGRAM ©NOP Studio

3D SECTION I ©NOP Studio

3D SECTION II ©NOP Studio

New architecture culture and empathic interpretation of everyday life

The Zlatar Bistrica sports hall showcases a design that imparts the sense of contemporary architectural culture to a small town. All aspects of design have been treated with equal attention, which is why everything that goes on inside and around – from big events involving the entire local community to intimate, informal gatherings – has been fitted into an appropriate architectural framework.